Gynecological & Fertility Services: Understanding and Managing Infertility
What Is Infertility?
Infertility is a reproductive condition in which a woman is unable to conceive after regular, unprotected intercourse. Becoming pregnant requires a series of coordinated steps involving hormonal balance, ovulation, healthy reproductive organs, and successful fertilization. Pregnancy cannot occur if any part of this process is disrupted.
We diagnose infertility after:
- 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse if you are under 35.
- 6 months if you are 35 or older.
Infertility is more common than many realize, but modern gynecological care offers a wide range of effective treatment options.
Types of Infertility
Our gynecological services address all forms, including:
- Primary Infertility
Difficulty conceiving despite never having been pregnant before.
- Secondary Infertility
Inability to conceive again after a previous successful pregnancy.
- Unexplained Infertility
No identifiable cause after standard fertility testing.
How Common Is Infertility?
Infertility affects both women and men. Worldwide, approximately 48 million couples face fertility challenges. In Pakistan, 1 in 6 women struggle with primary infertility and 1 in 20 with secondary infertility.
Symptoms & Causes of Infertility
Common Signs
- Difficulty conceiving after 6–12 months
- Irregular or absent menstrual cycles
- Pelvic or lower abdominal discomfort
- Male issues such as ejaculation problems
Causes of Infertility
Infertility may stem from the woman, the man, both partners, or remain unexplained. Research shows:
- 33% due to female factors
- 33% due to male factors
- 33% due to combined or unknown causes
General Risk Factors
- Age over 35 for women; over 45 for men
- Smoking, alcohol use, or drug misuse
- STIs
- Weight problems (overweight/underweight)
- Hormonal disorders
- Environmental toxin exposure
- Over-exercising
- Chronic medical illnesses
Female-Factor Infertility
Common gynecological causes include:
- Ovulation disorders (PCOS, hormonal imbalance)
- Endometriosis
- Uterine abnormalities: fibroids, polyps, congenital anomalies
- Fallopian tube blockage
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Thyroid and autoimmune disorders
- Diminished ovarian reserve or premature ovarian insufficiency
- Prior sterilization procedures
Male-Factor Infertility
Common causes include:
- Low sperm count, poor motility, or abnormal sperm shapes
- Varicocele
- Genetic/chromosomal disorders
- Undescended testes
- Hormonal imbalance
- Sexual dysfunction
- Damage from heat exposure, injury, chemotherapy, or steroids
- Prior vasectomy
Diagnosis in Our Gynecological Practice
For Women
We offer comprehensive fertility testing, which may include:
- Medical history & pelvic examination
- Hormone blood tests
- Transvaginal ultrasound (to assess ovaries, uterus, endometrium)
- Hysterosalpingography (HSG) for fallopian tube patency
- Hysteroscopy for uterine cavity evaluation
- Diagnostic laparoscopy for endometriosis, adhesions, and tubal issues
For Men
- Semen analysis
- Hormonal evaluation
- Scrotal ultrasound
- Genetic testing, where indicated
Infertility Treatment Options
For Women
- Lifestyle modification: weight management, quitting smoking, managing chronic illnesses
- Ovulation-inducing medications
- Hormonal therapies
- Surgery for fibroids, polyps, endometriosis, or tubal blockages
For Men
- Hormonal treatments
- Medications for ejaculatory issues
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
- Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
Prepared sperm is placed directly into the uterus to increase chances of fertilization.
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Eggs are retrieved from the ovaries, fertilized with sperm in the lab, and the resulting embryo(s) transferred into the uterus.
- Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
A single sperm is directly injected into each egg—ideal in cases of male-factor infertility.
What to Expect
Success varies based on age, fertility diagnosis, and overall health. Infertility can be emotionally and physically challenging. We provides medical, emotional, and educational support throughout your journey.
How to Protect Your Fertility
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Avoid smoking, alcohol, and drugs
- Seek prompt treatment for STIs
- Limit environmental toxin exposure
- Exercise moderately
- Seek early fertility counseling
- Consider egg or sperm freezing if delaying childbearing
When to Seek Help
- Under 35: after 12 months of trying
- Age 35–39: after 6 months
- Age 40+: seek evaluation immediately
Book Your Appointment
We offer compassionate, evidence-based gynecological and fertility services tailored to your needs.
Let us help you begin or expand your family with confidence and expert care.
Dr Sana Nazir Consultant Gynaecologist & IVF Specialist
Cell No : 03001115372